تاثیر قراردادهای سرمایه گذاری بر سیاست زدایی اختلافات سرمایه گذاری خارجی ( رویکرد قانونی شدن ، دیپلماسی و توسعه )

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه اقتصاد و مدیریت، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
پایه گذاران نظام معاهدات سرمایه گذاری و همچنین بسیاری از طرفداران فعلی ابراز داشته اند که چگونه معاهدات به کشورهای در حال توسعه این امکان را می دهند تا اختلافات سرمایه گذار - دولت را سیاست زدایی کنند یعنی مناقشات تجاری را از ملاحظات گسترده تر سیاسی و دیپلماتیک با کشورهای توسعه یافته حفظ کنند. در حالی که این استدلال توسط محققان اقتصادی و حقوقی به صورت گسترده تری پذیرفته می شود و صریحا توسط کشورهای صادرکننده سرمایه تبلیغ می شود تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر قراردادهای سرمایه گذاری بر سیاسیت زدایی اختلافات سرمایه گذاری خارجی با رویکرد قانونی شدن ، دیپلماسی و توسعه در نظر گرفته شد . در این راستا فرضیه ایی با همین مضمون تبیین و 127 مورد اختلاف در یک دوره ده ساله 1388 تا 1398 در اقتصاد ایران مورد مطالعه و تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایچ نشان داد: الف ) در کشورهای در حال توسعه به طور معمول در ازای کمتر سیاسی کردن مناقشات سرمایه گذاری خود، تشویق می شوند تا به داوری معاهدات سرمایه گذاری ترغیب شوند. ب ) در حالی که دولت ها به صورت مکرر در اختلافات دنیای در حال توسعه مداخله می کند، دولت های قدرتمند به ندرت از تهدیدات یا تحریم های صریح در مناقشات سرمایه گذاری استفاده می کند. این امر حاکی از یک تغییر مهم در دیپلماسی سرمایه گذاری از دوره ای است که نظام معاهدات سرمایه گذاری آشکار شده است. ج ) مداخلات دیپلماتیک تهاجمی تر در گذشته اغلب در اختلافات مربوط به سلب مالکیت آشکار شده اما چنین اختلافاتی امروزه بسیار کمتر اتفاق می افتد و اختلافات ظریف تری در مورد شرایط پیمانکاری و تغییرات نظارتی جایگزین می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Investment Treaties on the De-Politicize of Foreign Investment Disputes ( Legalization, Diplomacy, and Development )

نویسنده [English]

  • mostafa heidari haratemeh
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics and Management, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
The founders of the investment treaty system, as well as many current proponents, have expressed how treaties allow developing countries to de-politicize investor- government disputes. That is, to protect trade disputes from broader political and diplomatic considerations with developed countries. While this argument is more widely accepted by economic and legal researchers and explicitly promoted by exporting countries. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of investment Treaties on the De-Politicize of Foreign Investment Disputes with the approach of legalization, diplomacy and development. In this regard, a hypothesis with the same theme was explained and 127 differences in a ten-year period from 2009 to 2019 in the Iranian economy were studied and analyzed. the results showed : a ) Developing countries are usually encouraged to bitrate investment treaties in exchange for less politicization of their investment disputes. b ) While governments frequently intervene in the disputes of the developing world, powerful governments seldom use explicit threats or sanctions in investment disputes. This marks an important shift in investment diplomacy since the period in which the system of investment treaties became apparent. c ) More aggressive diplomatic interventions in the past have often been manifested in disputes over expropriation, but such disputes occur much less frequently today and are replaced by more subtle disputes over contract terms and regulatory changes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key word:
  • “ Legalization ”
  • “ Diplomacy Development ”
  • “ De- Politicize “ Investment Treaties ”
  • ” Investment Disputes "

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