مدیریت استراتژیک هوشمند

مدیریت استراتژیک هوشمند

طراحی مدل آسیب شناسی ارگونومی سازمانی با استفاده از فراترکیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.
2 گروه مدیریت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.
چکیده
این پژوهش با استفاده از روش فراترکیب، شاخص‌های آسیب‌شناسی ارگونومی سازمانی در بخش دولتی را شناسایی و تحلیل کرده است. هدف پژوهش، استخراج مولفه‌های اصلی موانع ارگونومی از طریق تحلیل محتوای اسناد بالادستی، مقالات علمی، کتب و دستورالعمل‌های مرتبط بود. برای انجام این پژوهش ابتدا با استفاده از پایگاه داده های فارسی و لاتین به استخراج مقالات مرتبط پرداخته شد، در ادامه با غربال و جمع آوری 29 مقاله انگلیسی و 23 مقاله فارسی به تدوین مدل پرداخته شد. یافته‌ها با بررسی همه این منابع لاتین و فارسی، چهار معیار اصلی ارگونومیکی شامل فیزیکی، شناختی، سازمانی و رفتاری را شناسایی کرد. در بعد فیزیکی، عواملی نظیر شدت نور نامناسب، کیفیت پایین نور، سطح بالای فشار صوت، دما و رطوبت نامناسب، تهویه ناکافی، چیدمان نامناسب فضا، و تجهیزات غیرارگونومیک (مانند صندلی و میز غیراستاندارد) به‌عنوان موانع کلیدی تشخیص داده شدند که به اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی و کاهش راحتی کارکنان منجر می‌شوند. در بعد شناختی، طراحی نامناسب رابط کاربری نرم‌افزارها، فشار کاری بالا، استرس و اضطراب، خستگی روانی، و ناکارآمدی فرآیندهای تصمیم‌گیری و حل مسئله از جمله موانع برجسته بودند. در بعد سازمانی، ارزیابی غیرعادلانه عملکرد، شیفت‌های کاری نامناسب، ساعات کار طولانی، عدم انعطاف‌پذیری برنامه‌ریزی، کمبود زمان استراحت، و فقدان حمایت مدیریتی و بودجه برای آموزش ارگونومی به‌عنوان چالش‌های اصلی شناسایی شدند. در بعد رفتاری، عدم رضایت شغلی، فرسودگی شغلی، تعاملات اجتماعی ضعیف، و نرخ پایین مشارکت کارکنان در برنامه‌های ارگونومیک از موانع مهم بودند. تحلیل داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار MAXQDA انجام شد و برای اعتبارسنجی کدگذاری از شاخص کاپای کوهن استفاده گردید که با مقدار 0.772 در سطح توافق معتبر قرار گرفت. این پژوهش نسبت به مطالعات پیشین، با پوشش جامع‌تر موانع ارگونومی در بخش دولتی، مدل یکپارچه‌ای ارائه داد که می‌تواند به‌عنوان مبنایی برای سیاست‌گذاری و بهبود شرایط کاری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. پیشنهادات پژوهش شامل طراحی ارگونومیک محیط کار، تأمین تجهیزات استاندارد، اجرای برنامه‌های آموزشی ارگونومی، تقویت حمایت مدیریتی، و افزایش مشارکت کارکنان از طریق جلسات مشارکتی و بهبود تعاملات اجتماعی است. این اقدامات می‌توانند به ارتقای بهره‌وری، رضایت شغلی، و سلامت جسمی و روانی کارکنان کمک کنند و از پیامدهای منفی مانند فرسودگی شغلی و اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی پیشگیری نمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Designing an Organizational Ergonomics Pathology Model Using Metasynthesis

نویسندگان English

Samaneh Eshaghi Bandpey 1
Davood Kia Kojouri 1
Azam Hajiaghajani 2
Maryam Rahmaty 2
1 Department of public Administration, Cha.C., Islamic Azad university, Chalus, Iran.
2 Department of management, Cha.C., Islamic Azad university, Chalus, Iran.
چکیده English

This study has identified and analyzed the indicators of organizational ergonomic pathology in the public sector using the meta-synthesis method. The aim of the study was to extract the main components of ergonomic barriers through content analysis of upstream documents, scientific articles, books and related guidelines. To conduct this study, first, relevant articles were extracted using Persian and Latin databases, and then a model was developed by screening and collecting 29 English articles and 23 Persian articles. The findings identified four main ergonomic criteria including physical, cognitive, organizational and behavioral by examining all these Latin and Persian sources. In the physical dimension, factors such as inappropriate light intensity, poor light quality, high sound pressure level, inappropriate temperature and humidity, inadequate ventilation, inappropriate space layout, and non-ergonomic equipment (such as non-standard chairs and tables) were identified as key barriers that lead to musculoskeletal disorders and reduced employee comfort. In the cognitive dimension, inappropriate software user interface design, high workload, stress and anxiety, mental fatigue, and inefficient decision-making and problem-solving processes were among the prominent barriers. In the organizational dimension, unfair performance evaluation, inappropriate work shifts, long working hours, inflexible scheduling, lack of break time, and lack of management support and budget for ergonomics training were identified as the main challenges. In the behavioral dimension, job dissatisfaction, burnout, poor social interactions, and low employee participation rates in ergonomics programs were among the important barriers. Data analysis was performed with MAXQDA software and Cohen's kappa index was used to validate the coding, which was at a valid agreement level with a value of 0.772. This study, compared to previous studies, provided an integrated model with a more comprehensive coverage of ergonomic barriers in the public sector, which can be used as a basis for policymaking and improving working conditions. Research recommendations include ergonomic design of the workplace, provision of standardized equipment, implementation of ergonomic training programs, strengthening management support, and increasing employee participation through participatory meetings and improving social interactions. These measures can help improve productivity, job satisfaction, and physical and mental health of employees. And prevent negative outcomes such as burnout and musculoskeletal disorders.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Organizational ergonomics
ergonomic pathology
public sector
meta-integration
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