مدیریت استراتژیک هوشمند

مدیریت استراتژیک هوشمند

تأثیرمتقابل عوامل مؤثر بر طراحی الگوی سازمان دانش محور در سازمان هواپیمایی "هما" با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی و دیمتل فازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
ملیحه رؤف اسماعیلی 1
علیرضا انوری 2
علی پیرزاد 1
جهانبخش رحیمی باغملک 3
1 گروه مدیریت، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران.
2 گروه مدیریت و مهندسی صنایع، واحد گچساران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گچساران، ایران.
3 گروه مدیریت ، واحد گچساران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گچساران، ایران.
10.87453/bumara.3.2.15564.3531256504785471
چکیده
هدف:صنعت هوانوردی ایران با چالش‌های ساختاری، تحریم‌ها و محدودیت منابع مواجه است که ضرورت تحول به سوی الگوهای دانش‌محور را دوچندان کرده است. این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل ساختاری و اعتبارسنجی الگوی سازمان دانش‌محور در شرکت هواپیمایی «هما» انجام شده و روابط علّی-معلولی و ساختار زیربنایی مؤلفه‌های دانش‌محوری را در این بافت پیچیده شناسایی و تبیین می‌کند.
روش پژوهش:پژوهش با رویکرد ترکیبی کیفی-کمّی و طرح اکتشافی-توصیفی انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل خبرگان و مدیران شرکت هواپیمایی هما بود. در مرحله کیفی، مؤلفه‌های الگو از طریق مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با 15 خبره (نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و نظری) و با استفاده از روش نظریه داده‌بنیاد استخراج گردید. در مرحله کمّی، داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته مبتنی بر یافته‌های کیفی (با روایی محتوایی تأییدشده توسط پنل متخصصان و پایایی بالای کرونباخ) جمع‌آوری و با استفاده همزمان از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی (EFA) در نرم‌افزار SPSS و تکنیک دیمتل فازی (Fuzzy DEMATEL) در نرم‌افزار MATLAB تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها:نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان داد که مؤلفه‌های دانش‌محوری در دو عامل اصلی دسته‌بندی می‌شوند که در مجموع 77.02% از واریانس کل را تبیین می‌کنند: (1) قابلیت‌های بنیادین دانش‌محوری شامل ابعاد فرهنگی، انسانی، اطلاعاتی، انگیزشی و اجرایی؛ (2) زیرساخت‌های اقتصادی دانش‌محوری. نتایج دیمتل فازی «اقتصاد دانش‌محور» را به‌عنوان متغیر علّیِ کلیدی با بیشترین مقدار (R+C) و (R-C) مثبت شناسایی کرد. یازده متغیر در جایگاه عوامل علّی (تأثیرگذار) و نه متغیر در جایگاه معلول (تأثیرپذیر) قرار گرفتند.
نتیجه‌گیری:تحول به سوی سازمان دانش‌محور در شرایط بحرانی صنعت هوانوردی ایران مستلزم هماهنگی همزمان دو رویکرد است: تقویت قابلیت‌های درونی سازمان از طریق سرمایه‌گذاری در منابع انسانی، فرهنگ و فناوری، و همسویی با بُعد کلان «اقتصاد دانش‌محور» در سطح صنعت. این چارچوب یکپارچه، راهنمای عملیاتی برای اولویت‌بندی اقدامات تحول‌آفرین و تخصیص بهینه منابع در محیطی با محدودیت‌های شدید اقتصادی و عملیاتی فراهم می‌آورد.
اصالت/ارزش:این پژوهش برای نخستین‌بار در صنعت هوانوردی ایران، با ترکیب سه روش پیشرفته (نظریه داده‌بنیاد، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و دیمتل فازی)، الگوی سازمان دانش‌محور را هم‌زمان از منظر ساختار عاملی و روابط علّی-معلولی اعتبارسنجی کرده است. نوآوری اصلی پژوهش، شناسایی و اثبات کمّی نقش «اقتصاد دانش‌محور» به‌عنوان ریشه‌ترین عامل تأثیرگذار و تفکیک آن از قابلیت‌های درونی سازمان است که چارچوبی بومی و کاربردی برای تحول در شرایط تحریم، بحران و محدودیت منابع ارائه می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اقتصاد دانش‌محور
تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی
دیمتل فازی
سازمان دانش‌محور
صنعت هوانوردی
هواپیمایی هما
نظریه داده‌بنیاد

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The interactive effects of factors influencing the design of a knowledge-based organizational model in Iran Air (“HOMA”) using factor analysis and fuzzy DEMATEL

نویسندگان English

Maliheh Raoof Esmaeili 1
Alireza Anvari 2
Ali Pirzad 1
Jahanbakhsh Rahimi Baghmalek 3
1 Department of Management, Yas.C., Islmic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran.
2 Department of Management & Industrial Engineering, Gach.C., Islmic Azad University, .Gachsaran, Iran
3 Department of Management, Gach.C., Islmic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
چکیده English

Purpose: The aviation industry in Iran faces structural challenges, sanctions, and resource constraints that have intensified the necessity for transformation toward knowledge-based models. This research aims to conduct structural analysis and validation of the knowledge-based organization model in Iran Air (Homa Airlines) by identifying the causal relationships and underlying structure of knowledge-centricity components within the complex and transformation-requiring context of Iran's aviation industry.
Design/methodology/approach: This research employed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative phase, model components were extracted through grounded theory methodology using semi-structured interviews with 15 experts. In the quantitative phase, data were collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire based on qualitative findings and analyzed using both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify underlying factors and fuzzy DEMATEL technique to determine causal relationships.
Findings: Exploratory factor analysis revealed that knowledge-centricity components can be categorized into two main factors explaining 77.02% of total variance: (1) fundamental knowledge-centricity capabilities including cultural, human, informational, motivational, and operational dimensions, and (2) economic infrastructures of knowledge-centricity. Fuzzy DEMATEL results identified "knowledge-based economy" as the key causal variable with the highest interaction and influence. In total, eleven variables were positioned as causal factors and nine other variables as effect factors.
Research limitations/implications: This research was conducted in the specific context of Iran's aviation industry and Homa Airlines under sanctions and resource constraints. Direct generalization of results to other industries or airlines in different countries should be approached cautiously, considering cultural, structural, and environmental differences. The cross-sectional nature of the study provides a snapshot at a specific time point, and longitudinal studies would be valuable for understanding transformation dynamics over time.
Practical implications: The findings assist managers and policymakers of Homa Airlines in understanding the precise cause-and-effect chain, enabling them to shift their strategic priorities from solely human-focused actions to strengthening economic and managerial infrastructures under conditions of resource constraints and sanctions, thereby allocating resources more intelligently. This framework provides an operational guide for prioritizing actions and optimal resource allocation in an environment with severe economic and operational limitations.
Originality/value: This research, for the first time in Iran's aviation industry, validates the knowledge-based organization model both structurally and in terms of causal relationships using a combined approach (grounded theory, exploratory factor analysis, and fuzzy DEMATEL). The main innovation of this research is the identification of "knowledge-based economy" as the most fundamental influential factor and its separation from internal capabilities, providing a contextualized framework for transformation under conditions of sanctions and resource constraints.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

knowledge-based organization
exploratory factor analysis
fuzzy DEMATEL
aviation industry
Iran Air (Homa Airlines)
grounded theory
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