In today's complex and dynamic conditions, large service organizations, especially in the field of urban rail transportation, are forced to use innovative and entrepreneurial approaches to maintain efficiency, improve service quality, and respond to the growing expectations of citizens. In the meantime, organizational entrepreneurship based on smart entrepreneurial behavior of employees, as one of the key strategies for organizational development and transformation, plays an important role in improving performance and increasing the competitive capabilities of organizations. The present study was conducted with the aim of designing an organizational entrepreneurship model based on smart entrepreneurial behavior in the urban metro rail transportation industry. This research is a fundamental and mixed research type. The data-based approach was used to analyze qualitative data, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze quantitative data. The statistical population consists of two parts: in the qualitative part, experts in the field of metro urban rail transportation industry in Tehran, 9 of whom were purposefully selected for semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, all employees of the metro urban rail transportation industry, 7300 people, 365 of whom were randomly selected based on the Morgan table to fill out the questionnaire using a survey method. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between causal factors and contextual factors, intervening factors, strategies, pivotal phenomena, and consequences. The research findings showed that the intelligent entrepreneurial behavior of employees, as a pivotal phenomenon, is formed under the influence of a set of causal, contextual, and intervening conditions. Individual, organizational, and managerial factors, including innovation, rational risk-taking, management support, organizational structure, innovative culture, intra-organizational communications, and interdepartmental cooperation, play a decisive role in strengthening organizational entrepreneurship. Finally, based on the results, a conceptual model of organizational entrepreneurship based on smart entrepreneurial behavior in the metro industry was presented, which can be used as a practical framework for managers and policymakers in this field and pave the way for sustainable development and innovation in urban rail transportation organizations.