نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
This study aimed to validate the multidimensional structure of digital leadership in Iraqi trading companies and examine its factor structure. This applied study adopted a descriptive-survey design. The statistical population consisted of employees of Iraqi trading companies, from whom 384 participants were selected. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire comprising 88 items measured on a five-point Likert scale. Content validity was assessed through expert judgment and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.94. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results supported a multidimensional structure of digital leadership comprising 11 main categories and 25 subcategories. These categories were classified into five dimensions: causal conditions (market changes and economic fluctuations); contextual conditions (organizational structure, organizational culture, and technological infrastructure); intervening conditions (legal and governmental constraints and national infrastructure problems); strategies (human capacity development and operational digital transformation); and outcomes (improved organizational performance and enhanced customer experience). CFA results indicated that the fit indices of most measurement models were within acceptable ranges. However, the fit of the models related to national infrastructure problems and human capacity development requires cautious interpretation. Digital leadership in Iraqi trading companies is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by environmental, organizational, technological, institutional factors and cultural. Human capacity development and operational digital transformation are key strategies for improving organizational performance and enhancing customer experience.
کلیدواژهها English