The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting supply chain agility and resilience in manufacturing companies. Therefore, an integrated research model based on strategic human resource management and artificial intelligence was developed to determine the agility and resilience of manufacturing companies. Empirical data were collected from 221 employees working in manufacturing companies in Iran. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that shared leadership, employee skills, organizational culture, competitive intensity, human capital development, and artificial intelligence explained 80% of the variance (R2) of supply chain agility. Similarly, importance function analysis showed that in the integrated model of supply chain agility, leadership factors, human capital development, and organizational flexibility are more important in determining supply chain resilience. In practice, this study shows that factors such as leadership, employee skills, organizational culture, competitive intensity, human capital development, and artificial intelligence are positively related to supply chain agility and therefore need the attention of policymakers. The value of this research lies in integrating artificial intelligence, organizational flexibility, and strategic human resource management to examine supply chain agility and examine the impact of these factors on supply chain resilience.